Anthropological Terminology

The process of enculturation involves an individual who is a participant in a culture. As a result, they are able to acquire the rules and customs of that society. Childhood is considered to be every human's first taste of enculturation. Enculturation can be used to describe what a foreign exchange student would experience during their stay in a new country. They are completely immersed in a new enivronment where they have to learn the new rules, language, and mannerisms of the people they are living with. It may not necessarily be their first time being introduced to the new culture, but chances are that they haven't had to literally live, eat, talk, and think with the people of that society.

Enculturation is often confused with acculturation which is a a specific word involving the integration and immersion of a foreign culture. Acculturation can take place in an individual or within an entire group of people. In acculturation, the new culture and customs often dominate and replace the previous lifestyle of the person or people. One situation that displays the characteristics of acculturation is the Spanish colonization and rule over the Philippines for over three centuries. Many different parts of the Filipino culture included Spanish elements. Most notably the food which takes Spanish recipes and transforms them with local ingredients. The language has gained a plethora of Spanish loan words but mixes it with the grammar and adapts the pronunciation of their local languages, usually by changing the spelling. Catholicism was brought to the Philippines and it had a long lasting, prominent effect on the mindset and values of the people. Even the name, Philippines, was taken from Philip II who was the king of Spain in the 16th century during the colonization of the islands.

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