Anthropology Terms - Kilali

Enculturation

Enculturation is the process of teaching a person the customs, values, languages, and norms of a culture. Enculturation doesn’t have to come from deliberate learning, but can also be done by seeing and observing other members of our society. Enculturation starts from a very early age and is usually initiated by parents. Parents teach their children what activities and beliefs are acceptable in their culture. Children can also learn what is acceptable from their parents by watching them do a particular thing, then doing it themselves. It doesn’t always have to be a parent that is teaching their kids what is acceptable in society. It could be a friend, family member, members of their religion, and other people in society. An example of enculturation would be a mother teaching her child how to eat with a fork and knife. Another one would be observing how friends talk to each other to learn the acceptable language.


Cultural Universals

Cultural universals are any cultural trait that exists in every human culture on the planet. No matter where people are in the world they still have these traits. Cultural universals differ from culture to culture but are still there. For example, things like values and modes of behavior are different in different cultures. Some things that are considered cultural universals include gender roles, language, religion, art, dance, and being in some sort of family. All of these are included throughout all of humanity but every culture represents them differently. A great example of cultural universals would be dance. It exists in every culture as a form of expression. Dances from around the world are very different from each other, showing that different places use different types of dance.  

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