Political Systems - Indonesia

After gaining independence from the Netherlands, the Republic of the United States of Indonesia was established, but this federal form of government did not sustain itself. So the Republic of Indonesia was declared which implemented a more centralized form of government. The Republic of Indonesia functions using three branches of government: Executive, legislative, and judicial.

The executive branch consists of the president, the vice president, and the cabinet who are in charge of managing broad areas such as foreign affairs, military forcse, and the economy. The president and vice president operate as a unit. This plays a part in elections where the people’s preferences need to agree with the dynamics of the combinations of candidates.

The legislative branch consists of the People’s Consultative Assembly, who have the power to update the constitution, appoint or impeach the president, and veto decisions made by the executive branch, they are basically the parliament of Indonesia. Its members serve five year terms. The People’s Consultative Assembly is made up of two types of representatives: People’s Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) with 560 members and Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD) with 132 members. The DPR is responsible for overseeing the general performance of political affairs and the DPD takes care of the exchanges within its 33 provinces.

The judicial branch’s independent Supreme Court is the highest court in the country’s system, making it the highest court of appeal. A new court established in 2003, the Constitutional Court, judges the decisions made by the cabinet and People’s Consultative Assembly to make sure that they are in line with the constitution’s values. Most cases are handled by the public courts, administrative courts, religious courts and military courts. A Judicial Commission remains in order to keep the judges in line due to the frequent reports of corruption and mal influence.

The government of Indonesia does not officially follow one religion, but because of the widespread and longheld influence of Islam, much of the constitutional policies have integrated principles of Islam. Though, much of the muslim population, especially in large cities, are more permissive of the stricter practices of Islam, so Indonesia is considered a secular country, while muslims still make up a large majority of the population.

One example of more Islam oriented laws being carried out is the province of Aceh, a conservative place in the western region of Indonesia, where Sharia law is legally executed. It dictates the dress, behavior, and lifestyle to abide to Islam.

https://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/politics/general-political-outline/item385
https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia/Government-and-society
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SPkw-1_rb0

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